Sistem Biner dan Kode – kode digital merupakan dasar untuk komputer dan elektronika digital secara umum. Sistem bilangan biner seperti desimal, hexadesimal dan oktal juga dibahas pada bagian ini. Operasi aritmatika dengan bilangan biner akan dibahas untuk memberikan dasar pengertian bagaimana komputer dan jenis – jenis perangkat digital lain bekerja.
Bilangan Desimal
Dalam setiap bilangan desimal terdiri dari 10 digit, 0 sampai dengan 9
Bilangan Biner
Sistem Bilangan biner merupakan cara lain untuk melambangkan kuantitas, dimana 1 (HIGH) dan 0 (LOW). Sistem bilangan biner mempunyai nilai basis 2 dengan nilai setiap posisi dibagi dengan faktor 2:
Konversi Desimal Ke Biner
l Metode Sum-of-Weight.
l Pengulangan pembagian dengan Metode bilangan 2.
l Konversi fraksi desimal ke biner.
Binary Arithmetic
Binary arithmetic is essential in all digital computers and in many other types of digital systems. Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division
Signed Number
Digital systems, such as the computer, must be able to handle both positive and negative numbers. A signed binary number consists of both sign and magnitude information. The sign indicates whether a number is positive or negative and the magnitude is the value of the number. There three forms in which signed integer (whole) numbers can be represented in binary:
1. Sign-Magnitude
2. 1’s Complement
3. 2’s Complement
Arithmetic Operations With Signed Number
In this section we will learn how signed numbers are added, subtracted, multiplied and divided. This section will cover only on the 2’s complement arithmetic, because, it widely used in computers and microprocessor-based system .
Hexadecimal Number
l Most digital systems deal with groups of bits in even powers of 2 such as 8, 16, 32, and 64 bits.
l Hexadecimal uses groups of 4 bits.
l Base 16
l 16 possible symbols
l 0-9 and A-F
l Allows for convenient handling of long binary strings.
Alphanumeric Codes
l Represents characters and functions found on a computer keyboard.
l ASCII – American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
l Seven bit code: 27 = 128 possible code groups
l Table 2-4 lists the standard ASCII codes
l Examples of use are: to transfer information between computers, between computers and printers, and for internal storage.
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